truenas-mcp

An MCP server for TrueNAS SCALE. Read-first, deployable as a TrueNAS app, and authenticated with each user's own API key.

Status: working, young. Every capability in the design is implemented and verified against a live TrueNAS 26 box. Expect rough edges rather than gaps.

Why this exists

iX ship an official truenas/truenas-mcp, and if it fits your needs you should use it. This one exists for three things it does not do:

• It only speaks stdio, so it cannot be deployed as a container on the NAS and reached from elsewhere.
• It holds a single server-wide API key, so every caller gets identical reach no matter how they authenticate.
• Its app coverage is catalog-shaped — install, uninstall, browse — with no way to pull new images and redeploy an app you already run.

Design

Three ideas do most of the work.

The credential is the authorization. Callers supply their own TrueNAS API key; this server stores none. A session reaches exactly what that user's key permits, revocation happens in the TrueNAS UI, and there is no shared secret to leak. Authentication and authorization stop being two systems that can disagree.

Reads and writes get different tool shapes. Reads are grouped into concern-level tools with an op enum, because they share most of their arguments and 815 middleware methods cannot each become a tool. Writes are individual tools — MCP annotations are per-tool, so bundling a safe operation with a destructive one behind one op parameter would put both behind a single consent gate, and a user who tires of confirming list_pools will allowlist the tool that can also export a pool.

Read-only by default. Mutating tools appear only when explicitly enabled. Separately, a denylist of unrecoverable operations is not reachable under any configuration, and it constrains argument values rather than just method names — deleting an app is recoverable, deleting it along with its volumes is not, and those are the same method.

The full reasoning, including what was measured against a live box and which decisions that overturned, is in openspec/changes/truenas-mcp-server/.

Requirements

• TrueNAS SCALE 25.04 or later. The REST API is removed in TrueNAS 26; this server speaks only the versioned JSON-RPC 2.0 WebSocket API.
• A TrueNAS API key per user. Create them under Credentials → API Keys.

Deploying as a TrueNAS app

Copy deploy/truenas-custom-app.yaml, adjust TRUENAS_MCP_TARGET, and paste it into Apps → Discover → Install via YAML.

It mounts no host socket and requests no privileged access. The server reaches the middleware over the network even when running on the same box, so that every connection carries a user identity rather than root-equivalent socket access.

Running it elsewhere

Nothing requires the server to run on the machine it manages, and there is a good reason not to: installed as a TrueNAS app, it is unavailable exactly when the box is unhealthy — which is when you most want to ask it what is wrong.

docker run -p 8080:8080 \
  -e TRUENAS_MCP_TARGET=nas.local \
  -e TRUENAS_MCP_TLS_CERT=/tls/cert.pem \
  -e TRUENAS_MCP_TLS_KEY=/tls/key.pem \
  ghcr.io/cedricziel/truenas-mcp:main

Configuration

All configuration is environment variables; no config file or persistent volume is needed. Invalid configuration refuses to start rather than running degraded.

No credential is configurable here. Callers supply their own.

On the two TLS settings

Transport scheme and certificate verification are deliberately separate.

TrueNAS ships a self-signed certificate issued for CN=localhost with only DNS:localhost as a SAN, so no address you can reach it by will validate. The fix is TRUENAS_MCP_TARGET_INSECURE=true, which keeps the connection encrypted and merely unauthenticated. If certificate problems forced you onto plaintext instead, TrueNAS would see your API key in the clear — and revoke it.

TRUENAS_MCP_ALLOW_PLAINTEXT is about the boundary callers cross, which carries their API keys. It is correct when a reverse proxy terminates TLS in front of the server, and wrong when the plaintext listener is reachable directly.

Connecting a client

claude mcp add --scope user --transport http truenas \
  https://your-host/mcp \
  --header "Authorization: Bearer $YOUR_TRUENAS_API_KEY"

The key may also be sent as X-TrueNAS-API-Key, for clients that cannot set an Authorization header. Requests without either are refused with 401.

Current state

Working:

• Streamable HTTP transport, per-session credentials, 401 without one
• JSON-RPC middleware client: concurrent calls on one connection, structured errors distinguishing unreachable / unauthenticated / unauthorized / rate limited, and interrupted requests reported as may have been applied
• Session reconnection when a connection dies, and refusal to run against a release older than 25.04
• Container image, CI, GHCR publication, TrueNAS app deployment

Not implemented: job progress via resource subscription. Polling covers the same ground and is the path the design treats as reliable — subscription was always an enhancement over it, and MCP client support for it is thin.

Tools

Every tool declares a complete MCP annotation set — title, readOnlyHint, destructiveHint, idempotentHint, openWorldHint. The spec defaults for destructiveHint and openWorldHint are true, so an unset field does not mean "unknown", it means "assume the worst" — and a read tool treated as destructive produces prompts on safe operations, which is what teaches people to click through the prompts that matter.

Every method behind the read tools is verified against the target's own RBAC metadata to grant READONLY_ADMIN, so "this tool cannot mutate" is checked rather than asserted.

The apps operations outdated_images, upgrade_summary, and rollback_versions exist so a caller can decide whether to act before the write tier can act — a mutation surface without them forces the model to guess. All three take an app name; the middleware has no fleet-wide equivalent.

Write tools

Off by default. Set TRUENAS_MCP_ENABLE_WRITES=true to expose them.

Share and permission configuration is the point. It is the hardest part of running TrueNAS and the least destructive: a misconfigured share is a support thread, not data loss. Handing that to an assistant is squarely what this server is for.

The one genuine hazard lives in an argument, not a method. filesystem.setacl accepts recursive, traverse, and stripacl — recursive plus stripacl walks a whole dataset discarding every ACL, which locks people out of terabytes and cannot be undone without knowing what the previous permissions were. All three are refused permanently, so setting one path's ACL stays available while the unbounded form does not. That distinction is the entire reason the denylist gates argument values rather than method names.

Each is a separate tool, so each is a separate consent decision — bundling them behind one op would put app_stop behind the same gate as app_start. app_rollback ships whenever the others do; it is the recovery path that makes exposing them defensible.

Mutations never block. They return a job_id immediately; follow it with jobs(op="show", job_id=…).

Denied under every configuration: pool export, dataset deletion, disk wipe, boot detach, snapshot destruction — and app.delete with remove_ixvolumes, because the danger there is in the argument, not the method. None of this is switchable; use the web interface.

On app logs: TrueNAS 26 exposes no JSON-RPC method that returns container log output — the web UI streams it over a separate channel. apps containers returns the container identities such a transport would need, and is useful on its own. Log streaming is tracked as future work.

The discovery escape hatch

The middleware has 815 methods across 74 namespaces. Most will never justify a dedicated tool, so search_methods / describe_method / call_method cover the tail without a code change per release.

Reachability is decided by the target's own RBAC metadata, not by guessing from method names: a method is readable exactly when it grants READONLY_ADMIN, and mutating methods need the write tier. That is the middleware's own answer, so it is exact and tracks API versions without a change here. It reaches 94% of the API — 411 readable, 359 mutating.

The 6% withheld is deliberate:

• core.bulk invokes arbitrary methods; reachable, it would bypass the denylist, the write tier, and every other gate here.
• auth.* is the server's to manage. A caller driving it could mint a token that outlives the session and never appears in the API keys UI — a credential the operator never issued.
• Methods declaring no roles at all. On this target those are session and protocol plumbing, not harmless reads, so "no privilege check" is treated as unknown risk rather than no risk.

describe_method summarises rather than dumps. Measured on a live target, sharing.smb.create's schema is ~31,000 characters and directoryservices.update's ~53,000; models also fill large sparse schemas less accurately than small dense ones, so a faithful dump costs more and works worse. Pass full=true when you really want it.

Resources

Resources differ from tools by control locus, not cost: tools are model-controlled, resources are what a person attaches. They pay off when a human points at one — no round trip, no tool budget — and underperform when a model has to go find them, since model-driven resource access routes through generic list/read tools and reintroduces the round trips it was meant to avoid.

So: addressable entities and reference material here, anything computed or parameterised stays a tool. The documentation resources are the best value in the design — they teach the filter syntax and ZFS semantics once instead of repeating them in every tool description, where the tokens would be paid on every request. A test asserts tool descriptions do not restate them.

Releases

Releasing runs through release-please and nowhere else. It reads the conventional-commit history on main, keeps a release PR open with the next version and changelog, and cutting a release is merging that PR.

push to main ──▶ ci.yml        test, lint, publish :main and :sha-<commit>
             └─▶ release.yml   maintain the release PR
                                  │
                merge PR ─────────┴─▶ tag vX.Y.Z, GitHub release,
                                      publish :X.Y.Z :X.Y :latest

ci.yml deliberately does not react to tags, so a version tag cannot appear without a release. The release job re-runs the tests against the tagged commit before publishing — the tag is a different commit from the one CI last checked, and a release is only as trustworthy as the tests that gated it.

Token. Set a RELEASE_PLEASE_TOKEN repository secret to a PAT with contents: write and pull-requests: write. Without it the workflow falls back to GITHUB_TOKEN, which works but cannot trigger downstream workflows — so the release tag would not start the publish job.

Development

make test     # unit tests
make lint     # go vet + golangci-lint
make build
make image

Integration tests need a live TrueNAS and are excluded from make test:

TRUENAS_TEST_URL=wss://nas.local/api/current \
TRUENAS_TEST_API_KEY=... \
TRUENAS_TEST_INSECURE=true \
go test -tags=integration ./...

This project is specified with OpenSpec; openspec/changes/truenas-mcp-server/ holds the proposal, design decisions, capability specs, and task breakdown.

License

MIT. See LICENSE.

The middleware client here is written rather than adapted from truenas/truenas-mcp, which is GPL-3.0 — that is what keeps this project's licensing choice open.